Ablation Procedure (***)

Cox-Maze (Surgical) Catherter Ablation (Percutaneous)

Maze Procedure Energy Sources Type How it Works Notes Cut-and-sew (original Cox-Maze I/III) Surgical incisions in atria to block AF circuits Very effective but invasive Radiofrequency (RF) Maze Burns tissue to create scar lines Most common modern surgical approach Cryoablation Maze Freezes tissue to create scar lines Useful near valves or conduction tissue where RF risk is high Microwave / Laser / Ultrasound Less common, alternative methods to create lesions Experimental or selective use