Normal Values (***)

Chamber Pressures and Saturations:

Parameter	Formula	Units	Normal
CO (Cardiac Output)	CO = SV × HR	L/min	4 – 8
CI (Cardiac Index)	CI = CO / BSA	L/min/m²	2.4 – 4.0
HR (Heart Rate)	—	Bpm	60 – 100
SV (Stroke Volume)	SV = EDV − ESV	mL/beat	60 – 100
EF (Ejection Fraction)	EF = SV / EDV	%	40 – 60